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What Is an LLM Tech Stack?
LLM Tech Stack
An LLM Tech Stack is the set of tools and technologies that work together to support the functionality of large language models (LLMs). It consists of several key components that enable the development and operation of these models. The four main pillars of the LLM Tech Stack are the data preprocessing pipeline, embeddings endpoint + vector store, LLM endpoints, and an LLM programming framework.
Data Preprocessing Pipeline
The data preprocessing pipeline is the initial step in the LLM Tech Stack, responsible for ingesting data from various sources, transforming it, and connecting it to downstream components like a vector database. This pipeline ensures that the LLM prepares the data for processing and optimizes the efficiency of the overall system.
Embeddings Endpoint and Vector Store
The embedding endpoint and vector store represent a significant advancement in data storage and access. This component enables the storage of raw document embeddings directly in a vector database, allowing for faster processing times and more efficient data retrieval. Storing documents and their embeddings in their natural format facilitates real-time interactions with the LLM, improving response times and user experience.
LLM Endpoint
The LLM endpoint is the core component of the LLM Tech Stack and is responsible for processing input data and generating LLM output. This endpoint manages the resources required by the model and provides a scalable and fault-tolerant interface for serving LLM output to downstream applications. It plays a crucial role in enabling text-generation capabilities and powering emergent applications.
LLM Programming Framework
The LLM programming framework provides developers with tools and abstractions for building applications using LLMs. These frameworks are rapidly evolving, offering a variety of features and capabilities to streamline the development process. By leveraging an LLM programming framework, developers can efficiently build applications that leverage the full potential of large language models, driving innovation in the field.
Layers of the Emerging LLM Tech Stack
LLM Tech Stack
Fine-tuning involves additional training of a pre-trained LLM by providing it with a smaller, domain-specific, and proprietary dataset. This process alters the parameters of the LLM, making it more specialized. In contrast, in-context learning doesn’t change the underlying pre-trained model. Rather, it guides the LLM output via structured prompting and relevant retrieved data, providing the model with the right information at the right time.
Data Layer
The data layer is involved with the preprocessing and storage of private and supplementary information. The data processing involves three main steps: extracting, embedding, and storing. Extracting involves gathering data from various sources in different formats. The optional steps of cleaning the extracted data and transforming it into a standardized format can also be taken.
Embedding is creating a numerical representation of the data that captures its semantic meaning. Storing the embeddings and original data in a vector database or a traditional database integrated with a vector search extension allows for quick retrieval and similarity search.
Model Layer
The model layer consists of the off-the-shelf LLM to be used for application development, such as GPT-4 or Llama 2. The access method depends on the specific LLM, whether it is proprietary or open-source, and how the model is hosted. Typically, there will be an API endpoint for LLM inference or prompt execution, receiving input data and producing output.
Orchestration Layer
The orchestration layer is the main framework responsible for coordinating with the other layers and any external components. It offers tools and abstractions for working with the major parts of the LLM tech stack. The orchestration framework will take the user query, construct the prompt based on a template and valid examples, retrieve relevant data with a similarity search, fetch other necessary information from APIs, submit the contextual input to the LLM, and process the LLM output.
Operational Layer
The operational layer (LLMOps) can be added for performance and reliability as LLM-powered applications scale. Areas of LLMOps tooling include monitoring, caching, and validation. Monitoring involves logging, tracking, and evaluating LLM outputs. Caching utilizes a semantic cache to reduce LLM API calls. Validation checks LLM inputs for prompt injection attacks and validates and corrects LLM outputs based on rules. These tools make applications more efficient and robust.
The tech stacks used for large language models (LLMs) have seen significant advancements and innovations in recent times. Companies across various industries have been integrating language models into their products, resulting in a wave of innovation. The adoption of language model APIs has brought about a new stack, reshaping how language models are developed and deployed.
Benefits of Recent Advancements in LLM Tech Stack
The enhancements in LLM tech stacks have transformed the landscape of AI applications. The advancements offer several benefits for the development and deployment of language models:
The new stack centers on language model APIs, retrieval mechanisms, and orchestration, alongside a growing open-source usage. This shift has made language model applications more accessible and opened up new opportunities for customization.
Customizing language models to unique contexts has become increasingly important. With three main ways to customize language models, companies have the flexibility to tailor models to their specific needs and achieve better performance.
The convergence of LLM APIs and custom model training stacks is expected over time. Companies are increasingly interested in training and fine-tuning their own models, leveraging both pre-trained models and retrieval mechanisms for enhanced performance.
The developer-friendliness of language model applications has improved significantly. Developer-oriented tooling like LangChain abstracts common problems, simplifying the development of LLM applications for a broader audience of developers.
Trustworthiness of language models has become a key concern for companies, especially in regulated industries. Better tools are needed to ensure data privacy, security, and quality of model outputs, paving the way for more widespread adoption of language models.
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The Serverless RAG feature of ChatBees offers simple, secure, and high-performing APIs that enable immediate connection to various data sources like PDFs, CSVs, websites, Google Drive, Notion, and Confluence. This allows for quick search, chat, and summarization with the knowledge base. The beauty of this service is that it eliminates the need for DevOps to deploy and maintain the service, making it incredibly accessible and user-friendly.
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Customer Support
Enabling prompt and accurate responses to customer inquiries.
Product & Engineering
Ensuring quick access to project data, bug reports, discussions, and resources, fostering efficient collaboration between teams.
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